Shades of Green: A Guide to Green Building
While almost everyone has heard the term “green building” in recent years, many people—even builders and home professionals—don’t know quite what it means. Here is a helpful guide to green building.
What is green building?
Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate® Dictionary defines the word “green”
as “concerned with or supporting environmentalism.” How does this related to building homes? In simple terms, green building is the consideration of the indoor and outdoor environments during the design, construction, maintenance and use of a building. Some environmental considerations include sitespecific positioning, environmental impact, use of sustainable and renewable materials, energy-efficient building techniques, water conservation, indoor environmental air quality and selfgeneration of energy.
Why build green?
Building green saves energy, conserves water, contributes to a safe, healthy indoor environment and reduces buildings’ impact on the community. Building green offers builders the chance to make a difference in the environment and, in turn, help homeowners make a difference in the environment as well. Demand for green and sustainable building has been growing rapidly over the last couple of years and is as high as ever right now. Building green will give you an advantage as a builder because consumers know they will save money in the long run. As a builder, your ability to provide these products and services can increase your marketability, plus help you keep up with competition. Green building is a trend that isn’t likely to go away soon, so you’ll want to make sure you’re up to date on everything that’s available.
Some economic and health benefits to green building include:
Lower operating costs via reduced energy and water utility bills
Reduced maintenance and replacement costs due to greater durability of materials
Improved indoor environmental quality through the use of nontoxic materials
Reduced risk of childhood asthma and other respiratory diseases
Higher productivity, less absenteeism and reduced insurance costs
Preservation of natural habitats, watersheds and ecosystems
Protection of air and water quality
Reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and solid waste
Improved health and performance: Students achieve 20 percent better performance in green schools, and patients are discharged an average of 2.5 days earlier in green hospitals
What makes a product green?
The Green Affordable Housing Coalition (GAHC), a division of Build It Green, is an organization committed to incorporating green building practices. The GAHC offers three basic criteria to determine greenness in a product or system.
1. Disposal frequency
Disposal frequency refers to the product or system’s expected useful life before it must be replaced. This can be estimated by the manufacturer’s warranty period, historic data or someone’s personal experience with the product. For example, concrete may be considered a low-disposal-frequency product. Concrete driveways can last over 30 years.
2. Durability based on maintenance
Proper and regular maintenance is often a requirement to ensure a product or system’s durability. Lowmaintenance products are usually the best choice for green building, as they are typically more likely to increase the service life of structures. The more maintenance is involved, the more time and money are spent.
3. Durability based on interdependency of systems
Interdependency has the biggest impact on a building’s overall durability. Interdependency refers to how different products work together to make an entire system function properly. For example, a window may not be a green product, but the way it is used can maximize collection of low winter sunlight and block the summer sun. So even a relatively conventional window can help make a house green.
Truly building green is dependent on choosing long-lasting building materials that require minimum maintenance. Thoroughly researching the durability of the products going into a home, along with how they will work within the home’s systems, is the best way to save money and be green.
What are some easy ways to build green?
There are hundreds of ways to build green. There are also many levels to greenness, so it’s easy to incorporate at least some green elements into your next building project. Every little bit helps. Global Green USA, founded by the late Soviet President Mikhail S. Gorbachev, offers 20 no- or low-cost green building strategies.
Top 20 No- or Low-Cost Green Building Strategies:
ENERGY
1. Orient building to maximize natural daylighting
2. Place windows to provide good natural ventilation
3. Select a light-colored, cool roof
4. Provide overhangs on south-facing windows
5. Install whole-house fans or ceiling fans
6. Eliminate air-conditioning
7. Provide combined-hydronic heating
8. Install fluorescent lights with electronic ballasts
9. Install high R-value insulation
10. Select Energy Star appliances
WATER
11. Design water-efficient landscapes
12. Install water-efficient toilets and fixtures
13. Use permeable paving materials
14. Use 30–50 percent fly ash in concrete
15. Use engineered wood for headers, joists and sheathing
16. Use recycled-content insulation, drywall and carpet
INDOOR AIR QUALITY
17. Use low- or no-VOC paint
18. Use formaldehyde-free or fully sealed materials for cabinets and counters
19. Vent range hood to the outside
20. Install carbon monoxide detector
What is the NAHB’s contribution to green building?
The rapidly growing market for sustainable building products, plus the greater availability of educational opportunities for builders, have helped green building’s acceptance rate. According to the National Association of Home Builders (NAHB), by the end of 2007, more than half of NAHB members, who build more than 80 percent of the homes in the U.S., will be incorporating green practices into the development, design and construction of new homes.
In 2005 the NAHB designed the Model Green Home Building Guidelines, a tool kit for builders looking to begin green building practices and home builder associations looking to start their own local green building programs.
The guidelines are for the mainstream home builder. The guidelines will help systemize the green design and construction process and help the builder to incorporate more green building features into homes. With more and more green homes being built each year, the NAHB guidelines will help builders meet the needs of the growing market.
Get to know these terms related to green building
AAMA
American Architectural Manufacturers Association, a national trade association that establishes voluntary standards for the window, door and skylight industry.
ENERGY OR WATER EFFICIENCY
Using less energy or water to perform the same tasks. A device is energyor water-efficient if it provides comparable or better quality of service while using less energy or water than a device based on conventional technology. Building weatherization and high-efficiency showerheads are examples.
ENERGY STAR
An energy-efficiency rating system sponsored by the Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Department of Energy. A high Energy Star rating means that the product or practice is designed to minimize energy consumption. www.energystar.gov
FLY ASH
A byproduct of coal-burning power plants. Currently the U.S. produces about 60 million tons of fly ash per year, 70 percent of which ends up in landfills. By using fly ash in concrete, not only is a waste product recycled, but a more durable and more environmentally friendly concrete is produced. Maximum benefits can be achieved with 50 percent or more fly ash content.
FSC
The Forest Stewardship Council is an international organization that brings people together to find solutions that promote responsible stewardship of the world’s forests. www.fsc.org
GREEN POWER
Electricity generated from renewable energy sources. Examples of green power are solar, wind, biomass, geothermal, tidal and small hydroelectric.
LEED
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, an organization that promotes a whole-building approach to sustainability by recognizing performance in five key areas of human and environmental health: sustainable site development, water savings, energy efficiency, materials selection, and indoor environmental quality. The LEED Green Building Rating System is the nationally accepted benchmark for the design, construction and operation of high-performance green buildings. www.usgbc.org/leed
LIFE-CYCLE ANALYSIS
A comprehensive examination of the environmental and economic effects of a product at every stage of its existence, from production to disposal and beyond. Also known as cradle-to-grave assessment.
OFF-GASSING
The process of releasing (usually slowly) volatile materials from woods, paints, polymers and other materials. Many of these volatile materials contribute to the deterioration of objects.
RECYCLED CONTENT
The amount of recycled (reused) material in a given product. Postindustrial recycled content refers to the use of scraps from industrial manufacturing. Postconsumer content is the reuse of products that consumers have used and thrown away.
R-VALUE
The resistance a material has to heat flow. Higher numbers indicate greater insulating capabilities.
SOLAR ENERGY
Energy derived from the sun. The solar panels that most of us associate with solar energy are called photovoltaic panels; they transform the sun’s rays into usable electricity. Solar thermal processes can be used to heat water.
SUSTAINABLE
Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
VOCs
Volatile Organic Compounds are the toxic or noxious chemicals that are found in or released from paints, stains, adhesives and sealants. Whenever possible, look for products labeled as having low or zero VOCs.
Energy Efficiency
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